How-To
The single most important accessory that allows me to expand my time in the field is my flash. Not only does this enable me to capture a good photo in mid- day, it provides auxiliary light when it’s cloudy, it acts as a main source indoors, and depending on the proximity to my subject, it can even be my main light in bright sun. I can mount my flash directly to my hot shoe for convenience, I can use it wirelessly off-camera as a side or backlight kicker, or I can bounce it off a ceiling to soften its look. Depending on its features, I can dial down its power and use it to fill in shadows, I can set it to act as a stroboscopic source to capture a sequence of movements as in a golf stroke, or I can use the slow/rear curtain synch feature at night to create streaks of light behind my subject. As you can see, a flash is an extremely versatile accessory, if you exploit its virtues. Below are three features I most often use.
Slow Synch: Most cameras’ synch speeds range from 1/60 of a second to 1/250. In low light levels when the flash would fire automatically, the shutter may need to stay open for a much longer duration to produce a proper ambient light exposure. With the camera synched to 1/60 of a second, the background goes black. The shutter is not open long enough to record low light detail. Luckily, most modern cameras allow the photographer to set the shutter to a slower than “normal synch” range. This allows the ambient light to build up on the sensor and prevent the “floating in a sea of black” look that’s so often produced when using flash in low light. Set your camera to slow synch and the exposure for the ambient light will be determined by the camera meter and keep the shutter open for as long as it takes for it to build up on the sensor. It’s essential you use a tripod or other means of support. In the image of the framed Mittens, I actually had the shutter open for 52 seconds, as it was quite dark when I made the photo. I used flash so the juniper trunk that frames the Mittens showed detail.
Flash in Daylight: During the middle of the day, the sun is directly overhead and not conducive to getting good photos. Shadows are harsh and the light is very contrasty. Highlights gets blown out, losing all detail and shadows become dark voids of black. But there is a way to overcome this ugly effect, providing the subject is close enough and the flash is powerful enough. The technique is known as fill flash. It fills in the shadows so the viewer can see detail where it otherwise wouldn’t exist. Additionally, in that the contrast range is now compressed, the highlights are toned down and reveal more detail